Vertigo physical therapy, also known as vestibular rehabilitation, is a specialized form of therapy aimed at addressing symptoms of vertigo, dizziness, and imbalance caused by disorders of the vestibular system. The vestibular system, located in the inner ear, is responsible for sensing motion, spatial orientation, and balance.

Here are some common components of vertigo physical therapy:

1. Assessment: Physical therapists conduct a comprehensive evaluation to assess the individual’s symptoms, balance, gait, and vestibular function. This may include specialized tests to identify the underlying cause of vertigo, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, or labyrinthitis.
2. Canalith Repositioning Maneuvers: For individuals with BPPV, canalith repositioning maneuvers (e.g., Epley maneuver, Semont maneuver) are performed to reposition displaced crystals (otoconia) in the inner ear canals, alleviating vertigo symptoms.
3. Gaze Stabilization Exercises: Exercises are prescribed to improve visual stability during head movements, helping individuals maintain focus and reduce dizziness. Gaze stabilization exercises may involve tracking moving objects, focusing on stationary targets, or performing head movements while maintaining visual fixation.
4. Balance Training: Balance exercises focus on improving stability and reducing fall risk in individuals with vertigo. These exercises may include standing on different surfaces, weight shifting, tandem walking, and dynamic balance activities to challenge the vestibular system and improve proprioception.
5. Habituation Exercises: Habituation exercises involve repeated exposure to movements or positions that provoke vertigo symptoms, with the goal of desensitizing the vestibular system and reducing dizziness over time. Activities may include head movements, walking on uneven surfaces, or simulated motion exercises.
6. Vestibular Adaptation Exercises: These exercises aim to promote central nervous system compensation for vestibular deficits by encouraging the brain to rely more on other sensory inputs, such as vision and proprioception, to maintain balance and spatial orientation.
7. Education and Lifestyle Modifications: Physical therapists provide education on vertigo triggers, lifestyle modifications, and strategies to manage symptoms. This may include tips for reducing fall risk, optimizing home safety, managing stress, and avoiding triggers such as sudden head movements or visual stimuli.
8. Home Exercise Program: Patients are prescribed a personalized home exercise program to reinforce gains made during therapy sessions and promote continued progress outside of therapy. Consistent adherence to the home exercise program is essential for maximizing outcomes.

Vertigo physical therapy is typically provided by physical therapists with specialized training in vestibular rehabilitation. The duration and frequency of therapy may vary depending on the severity of symptoms, underlying cause of vertigo, and individual response to treatment. The goal is to alleviate vertigo symptoms, improve balance and functional mobility, and enhance overall quality of life for individuals affected by vestibular disorders.