Oncology physical therapy involves the assessment and management of physical impairments and functional limitations in individuals undergoing cancer treatment or recovering from cancer-related surgeries. Physical therapists specializing in oncology work closely with patients to address a variety of issues that may arise during cancer treatment, including pain, weakness, fatigue, lymphedema, neuropathy, and reduced mobility.

Common interventions in oncology physical therapy may include:

1. Exercise Programs: Tailored exercise programs designed to improve strength, endurance, flexibility, and overall physical function. These exercises can help mitigate treatment-related side effects, such as muscle weakness and fatigue, and improve quality of life.
2. Pain Management: Techniques to alleviate cancer-related pain, including manual therapy, modalities (such as heat or cold therapy), and therapeutic exercises. Physical therapists also provide education on pain management strategies and positioning techniques to minimize discomfort.
3. Lymphedema Management: Manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy, exercise, and skin care techniques to manage lymphedema, a common side effect of cancer treatment characterized by swelling in the limbs.
4. Prehabilitation: Preoperative exercise programs aimed at optimizing physical function and overall health before cancer surgery, which may improve postoperative outcomes and recovery.
5. Balance and Fall Prevention: Assessment and intervention to address balance deficits and reduce fall risk, particularly in individuals receiving treatment that affects balance and mobility.
6. Fatigue Management: Strategies to manage cancer-related fatigue, including energy conservation techniques, pacing strategies, and graded exercise programs.
7. Scar Management: Techniques to improve scar mobility and reduce adhesions following cancer-related surgeries, such as mastectomy or reconstructive surgery.
8. Education and Support: Providing education and support to individuals and their caregivers on managing physical and functional challenges associated with cancer treatment, as well as guidance on safe and effective exercise during and after treatment.

Oncology physical therapists collaborate closely with oncologists, surgeons, nurses, and other members of the cancer care team to provide comprehensive care that addresses the unique needs of each patient throughout their cancer journey. The goal of oncology physical therapy is to optimize physical function, improve quality of life, and support overall well-being during and after cancer treatment.